Dr Campra has released his latest research.
This is his short video introduction to the work.
Not On The Beeb, courtesy of the Spanish Quinta Columna team, is the first English speaking channel to release his work.
Download Dr Campra's Nove 2021 paper here:
HISTORY
Dr Pablo Campra from Almeria University was the first to deduce that the Pfizer vaccine most probably contained Graphene Oxide flakes.
However, this was just a visual match.
His initial images of what appeared to be Graphene Oxide went viral worldwide.
See our report here where you can download his original paper. https://www.notonthebeeb.co.uk/post/englis-translation-of-the-graphene-oxide-almeria-paper
Graphene Oxide was later backed by The Scientist's Club, A German collective and Dr Young.
The theory is that Graphene Oxide flakes are responsible for the vaccine-induced magnetism that we have witnessed internationally.
Dr Andrew Goldsworthy (retired) of Imperial College London has explained the possible mechanism here: https://www.notonthebeeb.co.uk/post/dr-andrew-goldsworthy
Not On The Beeb has many articles and films linked to vaccine-induced magnetism here: https://www.notonthebeeb.co.uk/magnetism including a key petition calling for an urgent investigation.
Yet so far, no one has (at least publically) taken the analysis of the vaccines further to provide a definite conclusion
Hence Dr Campra's conclusion confirming graphene oxide within the covid vaccines is a major step forwards.
His technique has been to use using micro-RAMAN infrared spectroscopy combined with microscope analysis
Below are some highlights from the report.
(Please download the full paper for proper reading - link at tope of article)
ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY Fundamentalsofthemicro-Ramantechnique Due to the characteristics of the sample and to the dispersion of objects with a graphene appearance of micrometric size in a complex matrix of indeterminate composition, the direct application of spectroscopic methods does not allow characterization of the nanoparticles studied here without a previous microscopic localization or fractionation from the original sample.
Therefore, microscopy coupled to RAMAN spectroscopy (micro- RAMAN) was selected as an effective technique for an exhaustive screening of micrometric objects visible under the optical microscope.
RAMAN infrared spectroscopy is a fast, non-destructive technique that allows the verification of the structure of this material by identifying vibrational modes and phonons generated after excitation with monochromatic laser, generating inelastic dispersion that manifests itself in peaks of infrared emission that are a characteristic signature of the reticular structure of graphene and derivatives.
Coupled optical microscopy allows the excitation laser to be focused on specific objects and points located on objects, to reinforce the degree of confidence in identifying the nature of the material, and to obtain complementary information on thickness, defects, thermal conductivity and edge geometry of graphene nanocrystalline structures.
Equipment used for micro-Raman spectroscopy
RAMAN LASER SPECTROMETER JASCO NRS-5100 Confocal Raman MICROSCOPE with spectrograph, includes: -variety of magnification and working distances from x5 to x100 -up to 8 lasers ranging from UV to NIR -SRI (spatial resolution image) to simultaneously view the sample image and the laser point. -DSF (Dual Spatial Filtration) that optimizes the confocal focus of the image produced by the objective lens to reduce aberration and improve spatial resolution and reduce the effects of matrix fluorescence. The spectra were analyzed with SPECTRA MANAGER software, version 2. JASCO Corporation. Previously, the equipment was calibrated with a silicon standard at 520 cm-1.
1.3. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of graphite and graphene
1. NANOCRYSTALLINESTRUCTUREBANDS -G-band (~1580-1600 cm-1): Indicates a permissible phonon vibration (elementary vibration of the net) in the plane of the aromatic ring (sp2 hybridization), characteristic of the crystalline structure of graphite and graphene. It presents a red shift (lower frequency, in cm-1), as well as higher intensity with a higher number of layers. On the contrary, the higher energy in doped graphene shows as a blue shift (higher frequency in cm-1), along the 1580-1600 cm-1 range (Ferrari et al, 2007). -2D band (~2690 cm) (or G'): Indicates stacking order. It depends on the number of layers, it does not depend on the degree of defects, but its frequency is close to twice that of peak D. Its position oscillates according to the type of doping. The presence of single-layer graphene (SLG) has been associated with the presence of an isolated and sharp 2D peak, increasing in width according to the number of layers (Ni et al., 2008). - The ratio of I2D/IG is proportional to the number of layers of the graphite network. - In graphite G and 2D appear are sharper and narrower than in graphene.
2. BANDS ACTIVATED BY ANOMALIES in the graphitic structure.
These bands are generated by elastic dispersion (of the same energy) of load conveyors and by phonon confinement (Kohn's anomaly in phonon dispersion).
In graphene oxides (GO) the disorder comes from the insertion of hydroxyl (-OH) and epoxide (-O-) groups.
-D band (~1340 cm-1). It shows the density of defects in the crystal network due to functionalization, doping or structural anomalies generating holes or new sp3 (C-C) centers. The intensity of the D-band decreases with the alignment of layers in the graphitic structure.
-D' band (~1620 cm-1). It follows a double resonance behavior due to network defects. Sometimes it merges with the G band due to blueshift of the latter.
-D+G band (~2940 cm-1)
PARAMETERS INTRODUCING FREQUENCY VARIABILITY (cm-1), INTENSITY AND SHAPE
OF THE RAMAN BANDS
These parameters have not been studied in detail in this report but should be
considered in the future for the assignment of bands to vibrational modes.
- Degree and type of disorder (doping, breaks, etc.), that cause wider width of the G, D, and 2D peaks by decreasing the phonon lifetime (molecular vibration)
- The G-band does not show differences in intensity due to disorder, but the ratio (ID/ IG) does vary with D band changes.
- Compression and stretching of the network by doping. There may be blueshifts (>cm) in all bands (up to 15 cm−1 in G and 25 cm−1 in 2D) and band narrowing(up to 10 cm −1) e.g. "back gates" by doping with oxides through deposition
- By sheet bending the 2D band also increases, with no change in G, but with blueshifts between 4-12 cm−1 can occur.
- Stacking level or number of layers
- Functionalization (introduction of functional groups) of the network generates the appearance of new Raman peaks: 746 cm−1 (C–S stretching), 524, 1062, 1102, 1130 cm−1 (skeletal vibrations, CCCC trans and gauche), 1294 (twisting), 1440, 1461 (C–H deformation, scissoring), 2848 and 2884 cm−1 (C–H stretching).
- A the same object may show spectral variations depending on the angle of incidence and the layers affected. The edges will show more disorder than the inner crystalline structure (Ni et al, 2008)
- Blueshifts dependent on the substrate employed to grow graphene layers (Chen et al, 2008)
- Variable intensity of the peaks in the same object according to the laser focus point, due to structural variability with respect to the angle of incidence related to the crystal network (Barros et al., 2005)
LIST OF SAMPLES OF VIALS AND OBJECTS SCREENED BY MICRO-RAMAN
1. Samples were obtained from sealed vials of COVID19 mRNA vaccines as outlined in Annex 1. All vials were sealed at the time of processing, except MOD and JAN, which had no aluminum seals.
2. Four different aliquots per vial of 10 μl each were extracted with 50 μl micro- syringe, deposited on optical microscopy slides, and left to dry in aseptic laminar flow chamber at room temperature. They were then stored in a closed slide case and kept cold until micro-Raman analysis.
3. Previous extensive visual screening of drips was carried out under optical microscope (OLIMPUS CX43) in search for objects compatible with graphitic structures or graphene. Magnification from X100 to x600 were used. Object selection criteria were:
1. Location in the remains of the droplet or in the outer area of dragging by drying
2. Two types of grafene-like appearance: two-dimensional translucent objects or dark carbon-like opaque bodies.
Obtain RAMAN spectra of the selected objects
Processing of the spectral data
The list and keys of the objects characterized in this report are set out in Annex 2.
Dr Campra's summary, in his words.
We present here our research on the presence of graphene in covid vaccines. We have carried out a random screening of graphene-like nanoparticles visible at the optical microscopy in seven random samples of vials from four different trademarks, coupling images with their spectral signatures of RAMAN vibration.
By this technique, called micro-RAMAN, we have been able to determine the presence of graphene in these samples, after screening more than 110 objects selected for their graphene-like appearance under optical microscopy. Out of them, a group of 28 objects have been selected, due to the compatibility of both images and spectra with the presence of graphene derivatives, based on the correspondence of these signals with those obtained from standards and scientific literature. The identification of graphene oxide structures can be regarded as conclusive in 8 of them, due to the high spectral correlation with the standard. In the remaining 20 objects, images coupled with Raman signals show a very high level of compatibility with undetermined graphen
e structures, however different than the standard used here.
This research remains open and is made available to scientific community for discussion. We make a call for independent researchers, with no conflict of interest or coaction from any institution to make wider counter-analysis of these products to achieve a more detailed knowledge of the composition and potential health risk of these experimental drugs, reminding that graphene materials have a potential toxicity on human beings and its presence has not been declared in any emergency use authorization.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The micro-Raman technique applied here has proved to be very effective for the rapid screening of a large number of microscopic objects in the detection of graphene micro-structures dispersed in complex samples.
Compared to macro-Raman spectroscopy of whole aqueous dispersions, the combination with microscopy in micro-Raman has the advantage of allowing the association of spectral fingerprints to nanoparticles visible under the optical microscope. This technique allowed us to focus the prospection towards specific objects with graphene-like appearance, reinforcing their spectroscopic characterization with coupled images. In this work, the preliminary selection of objects has focused on two typologies, translucent sheets and opaque carbonaceous objects, due to their visual similarity with similar shapes observable in standards after sonication or in graphene oxide dispersions (see Annex 3 Results). The difference between both typologies is not due to their chemical composition, both derived from graphite, but only to the degree of exfoliation of the starting graphitic material and the number of superimposed layers, assuming a threshold of around 10 layers as a reference limit to consider that material graphite (3D) (Ramos-Fernandez, 2017). Anyhow, it was out the scope of our work to further characterize these structures.
A total of 110 objects with graphene-like appearance were selected, mostly located at the edge of the sample droplets after dehydration, inside or outside of the dragging area by drying at room temperature of the original aqueous phase. Out of them, another 28 objects in total were selected for their higher degree of spectral compatibility with graphene materials reported in the literature, considering both spectra and images. The images and RAMAN spectra of these objects are shown in the Annex 3 of this report. It is of interest to note that the samples do not dry completely at room temperature, always leaving a gelatinous residue, whose limit can be observed in some of the photographs shown. The composition of this medium is unknown for the moment as it was not the subject of the present study, as well as that of other typologies of micrometric size objects that could be observed recurrently in the samples at low magnification (40-600X).
The Raman spectra of some of these objects were obtained but are not shown in this study because they did not present visual resemblance to graphene or graphite.
A limitation in obtaining defined spectral patterns with this technique has been the intensity of the fluorescence emitted by many selected objects. In numerous translucent sheets with a graphene appearance, it was not possible to obtain Raman spectra free of fluorescence noise, so the technique did not allow to obtain specific RAMAN signals with well-defined peaks in many of them.
Therefore, in these objects the presence of graphene structures can neither be affirmed nor ruled out.